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小词详解 | snag

田间小站 田间小站 2022-09-30

snag 英 [snæɡ] 美 [snæɡ]
TEM8

外刊例句

  • Drilling often takes place miles below the surface in rock formations where drill bits and pipes can be broken or snagged, which halts activity for long periods.
    钻探通常在岩层表面下方几英里处进行,钻头和钻杆可能会破损或卡住,这会导致钻探作业长期停顿。
    ——《经济学人》
  • Western companies have been aggressive in trying to snag a share of riches in China’s fast-growing economy in recent years.
    西方公司一直在积极尝试从中国近年来快速增长的经济财富中分一杯羹。
    ——《纽约时报》

基本释义

[verb] catch or tear (something) on a sharp projection
[动词] 在带尖的东西上钩住、挂破


深入解读

一个月前,小站刚讲了 snug ,今天再来聊聊 snag 这个与之十分形似的单词。

Snag 一词起源于斯堪的纳维亚语,16世纪70年代起开始在英语中表示“树桩、树枝”,随后发展为今义“(树的)断桩、残枝”,并引申指尖利的“突出物、戳出物、尖刺、尖角”,比如:

  • 她在灯柱的一根断钉上钩破了她俗气的衬衫。
    She tore her
    tawdry shirt on a nail snag in the lamppost.

衬衫等衣服钩破后就会留下一个“钩破处、钩破的洞”以及编织物的“抽丝处”,这也可以用 snag 表示,比如:

  • This swagger sweater's full of snags.
    这件时髦的针织衫被钩得全是洞。

当这个概念用作动词时,自然表示在带尖的东西上“钩破、挂破”或“被钩住、被挂破”,比如:

  • 小心别让铁丝网钩破衣服。否则他们会嘲笑你的。
    Be careful not to snag your coat on the barbed wire. Otherwise they will
    sneer at you.

说到钩破,不由得想起之前推过的 grapple (抓钩、多爪锚)作动词表示“抓牢、握紧、系紧”。而在美式英语非正式表达中, snag 则可以用来表示“抓住、攫取”,强调抢先获得,比如:

  • 要不是他们从对手那儿抢到了合同,他们早就破产了。
    They'd have gone bust if they hadn't snagged that
    contract from their rivals.

另外,在美式英语中, snag 还可以作名词表示妨碍航行的“暗桩、水下沉木”。暗桩这种不露出水面隐藏在水底的木桩,对于船只航行来说是一种无法预先料到的威胁。因而后来 snag 就被用来引申指隐藏的、潜在的、意外的或不严重的“问题、困难、障碍、麻烦等”,以及作动词表示“出现麻烦或问题、给……带来困难、使搁浅”,比如:

  • 要是遇到什么麻烦就告诉我。我可以帮助你找出问题并解决问题。
    Let me know if you run into any snags. I can help you identify problems and
    enact solutions.
  • 过去6个月里,财务问题一直困扰着这项工程。
    Fiscal problems have snagged the project for the past six months.

名著用例
It was a great struggle to keep up with Hagrid, what with branches and thickets of thorn through which Hagrid marched as easily as though they were cobwebs, but which snagged Harry and Hermione's robes, frequently entangling them so severely that they had to stop for minutes at a time to free themselves.
跟上海格非常费力,海格穿过那些树枝和灌木丛时,轻松得就像在穿过蜘蛛网,但是它们却拦住了哈利和赫敏的长袍,老是把他们缠得紧紧的,他们只得停下来几分钟,好让自己解脱出来。
出自英国作家J·K·罗琳的奇幻小说《哈利·波特》系列的第五本《哈利·波特与凤凰社》(Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix)。《哈利·波特与凤凰社》讲述在又一个暑假中,哈利·波特被困在女贞路4号,遭到摄魂怪的突然袭击之后发生的事情。

同近义词

  • gash: make a long, deep cut in
  • rip: tear or pull (something) quickly or forcibly away from something or someone
  • ladder: (with reference to tights or stockings) develop or cause to develop a ladder

往期回顾
小词详解 | straddle
小词详解 | imbue
小词详解 | usher

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